Syunik, the southernmost region that connects Armenia to Iran and includes the towns of Sisian, Goris, Kapan, and Meghri. This region is one of the most captivating areas in Armenia, offering a diverse range of natural landmarks and historical-architectural monuments. With nearly every climate zone in Armenia, including the warm valley of Meghri, the forested mountains of Kapan, and alpine meadows of Goris, Syunik has something for every traveler.
Explore Old Khndzoresk – Armenia’s abandoned cave city
Old Khndzoresk is a historic cave city located on the steep slope of a gorge. Fully inhabited around the 17th and 18th centuries with more than 8,000 residents, it was partially inhabited until 1958. Old Khndzoresk once boasted homes, schools, cheese factories, churches, and even a bar where villagers could socialize at night. Visitors can explore natural and manmade caves, and fully immerse themselves in the history of this ancient city.
You will catch your first glimpse of the historic cave city when you meet your local guide on the swinging bridge that leads you into the heart of Old Khndzoresk. There you will be able to visit one of the village’s two stone churches and several of the approximately 2,000 cave dwellings, some remarkably preserved with the original furnishings intact. Each of these cave dwellings might have housed between 12 and 25 people, depending on the family’s economic status. The size of each dwelling depended on the family’s needs and the position of the rocks. As you explore the different rooms of the house, you should admire the work of master cave-builders who were highly respected craftsmen in the community. Because many of the dwellings were carved over and around each other, the inhabitants needed a complex system of ropes and ladders to reach many parts of their community. As you navigate the narrow pathways, you will learn how the villagers lived in harmony with their natural environment. Your guide will point out rock features that have become part of local folklore, as well as many herbs and plants used in teas and cooking.
Stop for lunch and meet Vardan, the keeper of a small museum collection of Old Khndzoresk and who produces mulberry vodka. Old Khndzoresk is one of many abandoned villages in Syunik. Visitors may explore these little-known villages.
Tour the Goris Local Lore Museum
This small museum, located in the center of the town close to the main square and municipal buildings, is easy to miss, but offers a fascinating collection of objects dating from the Early Bronze Age to the present, as well as special materials from the Soviet times. Goris was a thriving center of Syunik and museum collections include beautifully designed weapons, ornaments, buttons, belt pieces, and jewelry that suggest a long history of cultural activity. Two particularly special objects—a five-faced idol dating to the 2nd millennium BCE and a bronze lion from the 7th century BCE, symbolic of Urartian kings—should not be missed. The museum offers guided tours in Armenian, English, and Russian upon request.
Hiking and Camping Adventure from Sisian to Tatev
The two-day Sisian-Ltsen-Tatev tour contains cultural and natural wonders, unforgettable history, and gracious hospitality. It winds through rugged landscapes, velvety green mountains, time-warped villages, ancient settlements, and medieval monasteries—all of which inspire further exploration.
Starting off, Sisian is a typical small village also known for its locally-made fruit vodkas, with Karahunj’s mulberry vodka being the most popular. You can enjoy a glass of this delicious drink with your meal and experience the warm hospitality of the villagers.
Another must-visit attraction in Syunik is the Tatev Monastery. This medieval monastery, built between the 9th and 15th centuries, is one of the most impressive architectural wonders in Armenia. It is also home to the longest reversible cable car in the world, which is registered in the Guinness World Records. The cable car ride to Tatev Monastery offers breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains and valleys.
For adventure seekers, a hike to Ughtasar is a must-do. This remote mountain plateau is home to petroglyphs made by ancient people. The hike is challenging but worth the effort, as you will be rewarded with stunning views and a sense of accomplishment.
If you are interested in history and archaeology, don’t miss the Bronze Age settlement called Zorats Karer. This mysterious and fascinating site, also known as the “Armenian Stonehenge,” features a collection of large standing stones arranged in a circular pattern.
In conclusion, Syunik is a region that offers something for every type of traveler. Whether you are interested in history, architecture, nature, or adventure, Syunik has it all. With its diverse landscapes, hospitable people, and delicious cuisine, Syunik is a destination that you won’t soon forget.